The history of the Arabs, as understood through Arabic sources, can be divided into three distinct periods:

The Sabaean and Himyarite Period (800 B.C.–500 A.D.)

This period focuses on Yemen (South Arabia) and is primarily documented through ancient inscriptions. While later Islamic literature, the Qur’an, and Pre-Islamic poetry provide additional insights, much of this material is legendary. It reveals the beliefs and traditions of the time.

The Pre-Islamic Period (500–622 A.D.)

Known as the Jāhiliyya (Age of Ignorance), this era is vividly portrayed in the poetry of the time, which celebrated genealogies, heroic deeds, and virtues. Although no prose literature existed, the surviving verses and later narratives offer a vivid picture of this era’s culture and values.

The Islamic Period (622 A.D.–Present)

This era begins with the Hijra (migration) of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D., marking the start of Islamic rule.